The land. Topography. The Nile River and its influence. Rainfall and climate. Flora and fauna. Natural resources and environmental issues. Khartoum. Secondary cities
History and government. Early history. The Nubian kingdoms. Arab influences. The Sultanate of Sennar. The Turikya. The Mahdi. The Anglo-Egyptian condominium. European influence in the south. Road to independence. Independence and its aftermath. the Nimeiri era and al-Mahdi. New regimes. Bashir and civil war. Darfur and peace. Government
The people. Ethnic groups. Health. Education. Language. Clothing. Family life and women. Cultural life. Religion. literature. Art. Music and dance. Sports, recreation, and holidays. Food
The economy. Agriculture. Forestry and fishing.Industry and trade. Energy
Services, transportation, and communication. The future
Further reading and websites
